Description ACTH (1–39) is a full-length peptide form of adrenocorticotropic hormone, studied for its role in stimulating adrenal cortisol production. It is commonly used in research involving the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and stress response mechanisms.
Description BPC-157 is a synthetic peptide composed of 15 amino acids, derived from a partial sequence of the naturally occurring body protection compound found in human gastric juice. It has gained attention in biomedical research due to its reported cytoprotective, angiogenic, and anti-inflammatory properties. The 250 mcg oral tablet form allows for convenient administration in controlled experimental environments. Studies…
Description CJC-1295 with DAC (Drug Affinity Complex) is a modified version of CJC-1295, a synthetic peptide that mimics the action of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). The addition of the DAC component enables the peptide to bind covalently to albumin in the bloodstream, dramatically extending its half-life—often up to 7–10 days—compared to the few minutes seen with native GHRH. This…
Description CJC-1295 is a tetrasubstituted peptide designed to mimic the action of growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) while offering enhanced stability and prolonged half-life through binding to albumin via a Drug Affinity Complex (DAC). This modification allows for sustained elevation of endogenous GH and IGF-1 levels for up to a week following administration. Research has focused on CJC-1295’s potential to…
Description Epithalon, also known as Epitalon, is a synthetic version of the naturally occurring tetrapeptide epithalamin, originally isolated from the pineal gland. Composed of four amino acids (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly), Epithalon has been widely researched for its ability to stimulate telomerase activity, which may contribute to the maintenance of telomere length and cellular longevity. Research has also explored Epithalon’s role in…
Description Epithalon, also known as Epitalon, is a synthetic analog of the naturally occurring pineal peptide epithalamin, composed of four amino acids: Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly. It has been extensively researched for its ability to stimulate telomerase activity, which may contribute to the maintenance of telomere length and overall genomic stability in somatic cells. Studies have explored Epithalon’s potential to influence melatonin…
Description HGH Fragment 176–191 is a synthetic peptide composed of amino acids 176 to 191 of the full human growth hormone (hGH) sequence. This specific segment has been engineered to retain the lipolytic activity of hGH while minimizing its effects on insulin resistance and IGF-1-mediated growth promotion. Research indicates that Fragment 176–191 enhances the breakdown of adipose tissue by…
Description GHK-Cu, or Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Copper(II), is a naturally occurring copper peptide complex known for its strong affinity to bind copper ions. It plays a significant role in biological repair processes and has been extensively studied for its regenerative, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Research has shown that GHK-Cu can stimulate the synthesis of collagen, elastin, and glycosaminoglycans—key components in extracellular matrix…
Description GHRP-2 is a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) and ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) agonist that triggers the pulsatile release of endogenous growth hormone from the anterior pituitary. As a second-generation GHRP, it is considered more potent than GHRP-6 in stimulating GH secretion, while producing a comparatively milder effect on hunger. Research has focused on GHRP-2’s capacity to enhance protein…
Description GHRP-6 is a synthetic growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) that functions as a ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) agonist, promoting pulsatile release of endogenous growth hormone from the anterior pituitary. As a member of the GHRP family, GHRP-6 is known for its potent GH-stimulating effects and its influence on metabolic and anabolic pathways. In experimental research, GHRP-6 has been studied for…
Description Hexarelin is a synthetic hexapeptide and potent ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) agonist, structurally related to other growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRPs). It stimulates the anterior pituitary to release endogenous growth hormone (GH) in a pulsatile manner, mimicking physiological secretion patterns. In research settings, Hexarelin has demonstrated strong anabolic activity, supporting protein synthesis, muscle growth, and tissue regeneration. It has also…
Description Humanin is a 21-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial 16S rRNA region. It was first identified for its protective role against Alzheimer’s disease-related cellular toxicity, and has since been widely studied for its anti-apoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and metabolic regulatory functions. Humanin exerts its effects by interacting with multiple cell surface receptors, including FPRL1 and the CNTFR/WSX-1/gp130 complex, as well…
Description IGF-1 LR3 (Long Arg3 Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1) is a recombinant peptide analog of human IGF-1, engineered with a substitution of arginine at position 3 and a 13-amino-acid N-terminal extension. These modifications significantly increase its biological half-life (up to ~20–30 hours) and reduce its binding to insulin-like growth factor-binding proteins (IGFBPs), resulting in enhanced bioavailability and potency. IGF-1 LR3…
Description Ipamorelin is a synthetic pentapeptide that functions as a ghrelin receptor (GHSR-1a) agonist, stimulating the release of growth hormone (GH) from the anterior pituitary. It is part of the GHRP (growth hormone-releasing peptide) family but is distinguished by its high selectivity and minimal impact on other pituitary hormones such as cortisol and prolactin. Research has focused on Ipamorelin’s…
Description Kisspeptin-10 is a biologically active decapeptide derived from the longer kisspeptin precursor, part of the KISS1 gene family. It binds to the GPR54 receptor (also known as KISS1R), which is critically involved in the stimulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion from the hypothalamus. This action triggers the downstream release of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the…
Description Melanotan II is a synthetic cyclic heptapeptide that mimics the activity of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) by binding to melanocortin receptors, particularly MC1R. It has been extensively studied for its melanogenic effects, primarily increasing melanin synthesis in skin cells, leading to enhanced pigmentation. In addition to its role in skin photoprotection, Melanotan II has shown activity at other melanocortin…
Description MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA Type-c) is a 16-amino-acid peptide encoded within the mitochondrial genome. It functions as a mitokine, exerting systemic effects by modulating metabolic homeostasis, enhancing insulin sensitivity, and promoting cellular resilience under stress conditions. Research has shown that MOTS-c activates AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) and adaptive stress response pathways, leading to…
Description NAD⁺ is a pyridine nucleotide coenzyme found in all living cells, where it plays a central role in oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions, acting as an electron carrier in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. It exists in oxidized (NAD⁺) and reduced (NADH) forms and is essential for ATP production. Beyond its role…
Description Noopept (N-phenylacetyl-L-prolylglycine ethyl ester) is a synthetic dipeptide-derived nootropic compound structurally related to the racetam family. It is known for its neuroprotective activity and cognitive-enhancing potential, with a rapid onset of action and high oral bioavailability. In experimental models, Noopept has been shown to improve memory consolidation and learning capacity. It is believed to exert its effects by…
Description Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland. It plays a crucial role in uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during lactation, but it has also become a major focus in neuroscience for its involvement in social cognition, pair bonding, trust, and emotional regulation. In neurobehavioral research, oxytocin has…
Description Ozempic is a GLP-1 receptor agonist that mimics the natural hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) to regulate blood sugar levels, appetite, and metabolism. Originally developed for type 2 diabetes management, it is widely used for weight loss and appetite suppression due to its ability to reduce hunger, slow gastric emptying, and enhance insulin sensitivity. This compound lowers blood sugar…
PT-141, also known as Bremelanotide, is a synthetic melanocortin receptor agonist derived from the α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) peptide structure. Unlike phosphodiesterase inhibitors, PT-141 acts directly on the central nervous system, particularly through MC3R and MC4R receptors in the hypothalamus, to enhance sexual desire and arousal. Research has shown that PT-141 may increase sexual motivation and responsiveness without affecting vascular…
Description Retatrutide is an investigational multi-receptor peptide agonist that combines activity at the glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon receptors. It is a next-generation metabolic therapy designed to leverage the synergistic effects of these three hormonal pathways to improve energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and appetite control. Mechanistically, GLP-1 and GIP agonism enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion, delays…
Description Selank is a synthetic heptapeptide with anxiolytic and nootropic properties, derived from tuftsin. It is commonly studied for its effects on stress modulation, cognitive enhancement, and neuroimmune regulation.
